A Simple Model to Determine the Efficient Duration of Exams     

Jules L. Ellis 《Educational and psychological measurement》2021,81(3):549

This study develops a theoretical model for the costs of an exam as a function of its duration. Two kind of costs are distinguished: (1) the costs of measurement errors and (2) the costs of the measurement. Both costs are expressed in time of the student. Based on a classical test theory model, enriched with assumptions on the context, the costs of the exam can be expressed as a function of various parameters, including the duration of the exam. It is shown that these costs can be minimized in time. Applied in a real example with reliability .80, the outcome is that the optimal exam time would be much shorter and would have reliability .675. The consequences of the model are investigated and discussed. One of the consequences is that optimal exam duration depends on the study load of the course, all other things being equal. It is argued that it is worthwhile to investigate empirically how much time students spend on preparing for resits. Six variants of the model are distinguished, which differ in their weights of the errors and in the way grades affect how much time students study for the resit.  相似文献   

Giving the invisible hand a helping hand: How ‘Grants Offices’ work to nourish neoliberal researchers     

Kristina S. Beime  Hans Englund  Jonas Gerdin 《British Educational Research Journal》2021,47(1):1-22

Neoliberalism has become a highly dominating and taken-for-granted way of organising the university sector around the world. In the critical educational literature, this market-based rationality has been scrutinised in detail over the past decades. However, rather scant attention has been directed to how university managers and administrators, apart from setting up quasi-markets, may intervene more directly to give the invisible hand of the market a helping hand. Aiming to address this lacuna, the purpose of the current article is to develop an empirically grounded taxonomy of different types of such interventions, and to theorise them in terms of the different facets of the neoliberal milieu that they reproduce and the various forms of subjectivising work among academics that they seek to engender. We do so by means of a qualitative study of so-called ‘Grants Offices’ at three Swedish universities. The findings arguably add to and problematise our understanding of how neoliberal markets work in academia in three different ways. First, while extant research has noted that university managers and administrators may intervene beyond the setting up of neoliberal markets per se, our study is to our knowledge the first one that identifies and systematises a broad array of such interventions. Second, it problematises the view of neoliberal markets as a form of monolithic entity that produces a uniform competitive pressure on academics. Third, and related, it furthers our understanding of the type of subjectivity that competitive milieus are assumed to bring about.  相似文献   

构建高效生物智慧课堂之我见     

刘宏霞 《成才之路》2021,(10)

随着新课标改革的不断发展,我国的教育模式也在向素质教育转变。新课程改革后,我国的课堂教学模式也发生了翻天覆地的变化,比如智慧课堂、翻转课堂、微课等。初中生物智慧课堂是以学生为主体的一种新型教学模式。文章通过探讨生物智慧课堂的内涵及特点,提出了构建初中生物智慧课堂的策略。  相似文献   

巧用多种教学方法 打造政治高效课堂     

孟仁祖 《成才之路》2021,(13):26-27

高中政治高效课堂的构建,要求政治教师在遵循政治学科本身特点的基础上进行科学的创新,坚持以新课改教学目标为原则,尊重学生的主体地位,让学生做课堂的主人,激发学生的求知欲。要引入生活元素,激发学生学习兴趣;引入小组合作探究,提高学生综合能力;巧用时政热点,提高学生政治素养;创设教学情境,提高课堂有效性。  相似文献   

高中生物教学中运用微课打造高效课堂的研究     

刘爱琛 《成才之路》2021,(1)

微课作为一种新型教学方式,已在教学中得到广泛应用,在课前预习、课中讲解、课后复习中都具有良好的教学效果。教师在开展高中生物教学时可积极运用微课,深入挖掘其教学价值。文章分析微课在高中生物教学中的作用,并探讨其有效应用策略,旨在打造高效的生物课堂。  相似文献   

提升化学教学有效性的策略探析     

戴建华 《成才之路》2021,(14):122-123

构建高效课堂,实现“轻负高效”,避免“高耗低效”,是基于新课标的课堂教学重点。在化学教学中,教师要树立以生为本的教学理念,为高效课堂奠定基础,课前要有预设,为高效课堂提供保障,要优化教学方法,以提高教学实效,课后要有反思,以强化教学效果。文章探究提升化学教学有效性的策略。  相似文献   

关注学习起点 构建数学高效课堂     

廖丽才 《成才之路》2021,(1)

在创新数学教学手段的过程中,教师要关注学生学习起点,合理设计课程内容,积极营造轻松活跃的课堂学习氛围,为构建高效课堂奠定基础。文章从数学教学实践出发,指出在日常教学过程中寻找学生学习起点的方式,并提出基于学习起点思想的数学高效课堂构建的有效途径。  相似文献   

“学案导学”在中职单招机电专业课程中的实施探究     

李花 《成才之路》2021,(12)

在国家大力发展职业教育的大背景下,单招教学在职业学校中占有很重要的地位,构建学生乐学、想学、会学的高效课堂成为中职学校亟待解决的重要课题。“学案导学”是实现高效课堂和有效教学的基础,是编制校本教材和精准实施的依据,是实施高效课堂的有效手段。教师可通过“学案导学”,提高学生的学习效果,构建高效课堂。  相似文献   

我国政府公共信息服务的供求曲线和供求均衡分析     

管延斌  孙静  王建冬 《现代情报》2016,36(6):16

本文首先对政府公共信息服务的公共物品属性进行了深入分析,指出其具有消费上的非排他性和供给上的非竞争性特征。在此基础上,指出了政府公共信息服务在实现市场均衡和资源有效配置方面的局限性,研究其供求曲线,对政府公共信息服务的供求不均衡问题进行了分析。最后提出,要解决上述问题,需要在需求端建立需求表达机制,在供给端建立可竞争机制,重塑市场以重构政府公共信息服务的供求均衡并实现资源的有效配置。  相似文献   

新兴企业债市场发展的需求和供给引擎     

孙克  冯宗宪 《未来与发展》2007,28(3):45-50

企业债市场的增长引擎在各国有所不同，新兴企业债市场的发展及强劲的增长态势受到需求和供给双引擎的拉动。国内机构投资者管理的资产规模的迅速增长以及金融危机后各地企业的融资需求是新兴国内企业债市场发展的关键原因。继续扩大和深化新兴企业债市场需要除去供给方面的限制。同时需要改善市场微观结构。  相似文献